Django实战（二）- 创建一个课程选择系统

发表: 2017-10-16 浏览: 1718

Django

Django教程（一）- Django视图与网址
Django教程（二）- Django视图与网址进阶
Django教程（三）- Django表单Form
Django教程（四）- Django模板及进阶
Django模型(数据库)及Django Query常用方法
Django教程（五）- 上传及显示
Django实战（一）- 搭建简单的博客系统
Django实战（二）- 创建一个课程选择系统

1.需求

1.登录注册

编写用户注册功能（用户名、密码、确认密码）
提供登录功能
登陆后可以填写个人信息（昵称、年龄、头像）

2.功能

第一个注册用户为管理员，管理员还可以创建、修改、删除课程分类信息，比如（计算机、文学、化学）
管理员可以创建课程（每一门课程只能属于一个课程分类）、修改课程、删除课程、查看选择某一门学科的所有学生列表、查看某一分类的所有学科。
所有用户都可以查看课程列表，并将课程加到自己的已选课程列表中；所有用户可以查看自己选择的课程列表、查看课程详细介绍、从自己的课程列表中删除某一门课程

2.代码操作

(前端小白，所以没有加入样式QAQ)

lesson树形图

lessonform.py

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from django.forms import Form,fields,widgets,ValidationError

from lesson import models



class register(Form):

    userName = fields.CharField(max_length=10)

    password = fields.CharField(max_length=10,widget=widgets.PasswordInput)

    repassword = fields.CharField(max_length=10,widget=widgets.PasswordInput)



    def  clean(self):



        password = self.cleaned_data['password']

        repassword = self.cleaned_data['repassword']

        if not password == repassword:

            myerror = '两次密码不一致,请重新输入'

            raise ValidationError(myerror)



        return self.cleaned_data





class login(Form):

    userName = fields.CharField(max_length=10)

    password = fields.CharField(max_length=10,widget=widgets.PasswordInput)









class UserInfoForm(Form):

    age = fields.IntegerField()

    email = fields.EmailField(max_length=20)



class TypeForm(Form):

    typeName = fields.CharField(max_length=20)



class LessonForm(Form):

    lessonName = fields.CharField(max_length=20)

    typeName = fields.ChoiceField()



    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):

        super(LessonForm, self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

        items = models.LessonType.objects.values_list('id','typeName')

        self.fields['typeName'].choices=(x for x in items )

models.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import unicode_literals



from django.db import models



# Create your models here.

class User(models.Model):

    userName = models.CharField(max_length=10)

    password = models.CharField(max_length=10)







class UserInfo(models.Model):

    user = models.OneToOneField('User')

    age = models.IntegerField()

    email = models.EmailField()









class LessonType(models.Model):

    typeName = models.CharField(max_length=20)





class Lesson(models.Model):

    lessonName = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    type = models.ForeignKey('LessonType')

    selectedUser = models.ManyToManyField('User')

html
login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>登录</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="https://ask.hellobi.com/{{request.path}}" method="POST">

        {% csrf_token %}



        <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonregister' %}">没有账号？去注册</a><br>





        用户名：{{loginform.userName}}<br>

        密   码：{{loginform.password}}<br>{{error}}<br>



        <input type="submit" value="登录">



    

    </form>

    <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonlogout' %}">注销</a>

    <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'addtype' %}">增加课程分类</a>





</body>

</html>

html
register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>注册页面</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="" method="post">

        {% csrf_token %}

        用户名：{{form.userName}}{{error}}<br>

        密  码：{{form.password}}<br>

        确认密码：{{form.repassword}}<br>{{form.non_field_errors}}<br>



    <input type="submit" value="注册">

    <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonlogin' %}">已有账号,去登录</a>





        </form>

</body>

</html>

html
registersuc.html



<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>登录成功</title>

</head>

<body>

        登录成功

        <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'complete' %}">完善信息</a>

        <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'addtype' %}">添加课程类型</a>

        <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'addlesson' %}">添加课程</a>



        <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'showseleteles' %}">显示已选课程</a>

        <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'cancelseleteles' %}">取消所选课程</a>







</body>

</html>

html
addtype.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>添加课程分类</title>

</head>

<body>



    <form action="" method="POST">

        {% csrf_token %}

        课程类型名称：{{ form.typeName }}<br>



        <input type="submit" value="添加">



    </form>



</body>

</html>

html
- addlesson.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>添加课程</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="" method="POST">

        {% csrf_token %}

        课程名字：{{ form.lessonName }}<br>

        课程分组：{{ form.typeName }}<br>





        <input type="submit" value="确认添加">

    </form>





</body>

</html>

html
- complete.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>完善个人信息</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="" method="POST">

        {% csrf_token %}

        年龄：{{ form.age }}<br>

        邮箱：{{ form.email }}<br>



        <input type="submit" value="提交">



    </form>





</body>

</html>

html
- mylesson.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>显示课程列表</title>

</head>

<body>



    {% for item in list %}

    {{ item.lessonName}}<a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'cancelseleteles' %}?lessonid={{item.id}}">取消选修</a><br>



        {% endfor %}



</body>

</html>

html
- show_lesson.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>显示课程列表</title>

</head>

<body>



    {% for item in list %}

    <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'showstudents' %}?lessonid={{item.id}}">{{ item.lessonName}}</a>     <a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'selectlesson' %}?lessonid={{item.id}}">选修此课程</a><br>



        {% endfor %}



</body>

</html>

html
nav.html(导航栏)



<nav class="navbar navbar-default">

      <div class="container-fluid">

        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->

        <div class="navbar-header">

          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">

            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>

            <span class="icon-bar"></span>

            <span class="icon-bar"></span>

            <span class="icon-bar"></span>

          </button>

          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">选课系统</a>

        </div>



        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->

        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">

          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">

            <li class="active"><a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'index' %}">首页 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>

            <li><a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'showlessontype' %}">选课</a></li>

              <li><a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'showseleteles' %}">我的课程</a></li>

          </ul>

          <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">

            <div class="form-group">

              <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入关键词">

            </div>

            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜搜</button>

          </form>

            {% if not request.session.userid %}

          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">

            <li><a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonlogin' %}">登录</a></li>

            <li><a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonregister'%}">注册 </a> </li>



              <li class="dropdown">

              <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">管理 <span class="caret"></span></a>

              <ul class="dropdown-menu" >

                <li><a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'addtype' %}">课程分类管理</a></li>

                <li><a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'addlesson' %}">课程管理</a></li>

              </ul>

            </li>

          </ul>

            {% endif %}

            {% if request.session.userid %}

            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">



            <li><a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonlogout' %}">注销 </a> </li>

            <li><a class="btn" data-toggle="modal" href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'complete' %}">我的资料</a> </li>

                <li class="dropdown">

              <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">管理 <span class="caret"></span></a>

              <ul class="dropdown-menu" >

                <li><a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'addtype' %}">课程分类管理</a></li>

                <li><a href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'addlesson' %}">课程管理</a></li>

                <li><a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonlogin' %}">登录</a></li>

                <li><a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" href="https://ask.hellobi.com/{% url 'lessonregister'%}">注册 </a> </li>

              </ul>

            </li>



          </ul>

            {% endif %}

        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->

      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->

    </nav>

html
- showstudents.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>显示课程的学生</title>

</head>

<body>

    {% for item in list %}

        {{ item.userName }}

    <br>

    {% endfor %}



</body>

</html>

项目下的url.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views





urlpatterns=[

    url(r'^register/$',views.register,name='lessonregister'),

    url(r'^login/$',views.login,name='lessonlogin'),

    url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name='lessonlogout'),

    url(r'^addtype/$',views.addLessonType,name='addtype'),  #增加课程类型

    url(r'^complete/$',views.completeInfo,name='complete'), #完善信息

    url(r'^addlesson/$',views.addLesson,name='addlesson'),  #增加课程

    url(r'^listlesson/(\d+)/$',views.listlesson,name='listlesson'), #显示每个课程类型下的学科

    url(r'^selectlesson/$',views.selectLesson,name='selectlesson'), #选课

    url(r'^showseleteles/$', views.showSelectedLessons, name='showseleteles'),  #显示用户已经选的课程

    url(r'^cancelseleteles/$',views.cancelSelectedLessons,name='cancelseleteles'), #取消所选课程

    url(r'^showstudents/$',views.showStudents,name='showstudents'), #显示每一门学科的学生



]

views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import unicode_literals



from django.shortcuts import render,redirect

from lesson.forms import lessonform

from lesson import models

from django.http import HttpResponse



from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse



# Create your views here.



def register(request):

    if request.method == 'GET':

        form = lessonform.register()

        return render(request,'lesson/register.html',{'form':form})

    elif request.method == 'POST':

        form = lessonform.register(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            temp = models.User.objects.filter(userName=form.cleaned_data['userName']).exists()



            if temp == False:

                user = models.User.objects.create(userName=form.cleaned_data['userName'],password=form.cleaned_data['password'])

                request.session['userid']=str(user.id)

                return HttpResponse('恭喜你注册成功,用户ID:' + request.session['userid'])

            else:

                error = '用户名已经存在，请换一个用户名试试!'

                return render(request,'lesson/register.html',{'form':form,'error':error})



        else:

            return render(request,'lesson/register.html',{'form':form})



#登录功能

def login(request):

    if request.method == 'GET':

        loginform = lessonform.login()

        return render(request,'lesson/login.html',{'loginform':loginform})

    elif request.method == 'POST':

        loginform = lessonform.login(request.POST,)

        if loginform.is_valid():

            userName = loginform.cleaned_data['userName']

            password = loginform.cleaned_data['password']



            user = models.User.objects.filter(userName=userName).filter(password=password)

            if user.exists():

                request.session['userid'] = user[0].id

                print request.session['userid']

                return render(request,'lesson/loginsuc.html',{'loginform':loginform})

            else:

                error = '用户名或者密码输入有误，请重试'

                return render(request,'lesson/login.html',{'loginform':loginform,'error':error})

        else:

            return render(request,'lesson/login.html',{'loginform':loginform})

    else:

        return render(request, 'lesson/login.html')





#验证用户是否登录

def checkLogin(session):

    #session 键userid如果不存在对应的值

    id = session.get('userid',None)

    if id==None:

        #转到登录页面

        return False,redirect(reverse('lessonlogin'))

    else:

        return True,id





#注销功能

def logout(request):

    userId = request.session.get('userid',None)

    if not userId == None:

        del request.session['userid']

        return HttpResponse('注销成功')

    else:

        return HttpResponse('您还没有登录')







#添加课程类型

def addLessonType(request):

    #先判断是否登录

    isLogin,next = checkLogin(request.session)

    #登录后session中userid

    if not isLogin:

        return next

    else:

        #判断是否为第一个用户(默认第一个用户为超级管理员)

        if next==1:

            if request.method == 'GET':

                #生成表单

                form = lessonform.TypeForm()

                return render(request,'lesson/addtype.html',{'form':form})

            elif request.method == 'POST':

                form = lessonform.TypeForm(request.POST)

                if form.is_valid():

                    #处理表单信息

                    type = models.LessonType()



                    type.typeName = form.cleaned_data['typeName']



                    if not models.LessonType.objects.filter(typeName=type.typeName):

                        type.save()

                        return HttpResponse('添加成功')

                    else:

                        error='此类型已存在'

                        return render(request,'lesson/addtype.html',{'form':form,'error':error})

                else:

                    return render(request,'lesson/addtype.html',{'form':form})



        else:

            return HttpResponse('抱歉，你没有此类权限！')



#完善信息

def completeInfo(request):

    #先判断是否登录

    isLogin,next = checkLogin(request.session)

    # 登录后session中userid

    if not isLogin:

        return next

    else:

        if request.method == 'GET':

            infoForm = lessonform.UserInfoForm()

            return render(request,'lesson/complete.html',{'form':infoForm})

        elif request.method == 'POST':

            infoForm = lessonform.UserInfoForm(request.POST)

            if infoForm.is_valid():

                user = models.User.objects.get(id=request.session['userid'])

                email = infoForm.cleaned_data['email']

                age = infoForm.cleaned_data['age']



                models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=user,age=age,email=email)

                return HttpResponse('信息已经完善，你可以进行下一步操作了')



            else:

                return render(request,'lesson/complete.html',{'form':infoForm})









#添加课程

def addLesson(request):

    #验证是否登录

    isLogin,next = checkLogin(request.session)

    if not isLogin:

        return next

    else:

        #判断是否为超级管理员

        if next==1:

            if request.method == 'GET':

                #生成表单

                form = lessonform.LessonForm()

                #初始化选项列表，从数据库中查找

                items = models.LessonType.objects.values_list('id','typeName')

                form.fields['typeName'].choices = (x for x in items)

                return render(request,'lesson/addlesson.html',{'form':form})

            elif request.method == 'POST':

                form = lessonform.LessonForm(request.POST)

                if form.is_valid():

                    #处理表单信息

                    lessonName = form.cleaned_data['lessonName']

                    id = form.cleaned_data['typeName']

                    #查找母表中的数据

                    lesson_type = models.LessonType.objects.get(id=id)

                    lesson = models.Lesson()

                    lesson.lessonName = lessonName

                    lesson.type = lesson_type

                    if not models.Lesson.objects.filter(lessonName=lessonName):

                        lesson.save()

                        return HttpResponse('添加成功')

                    else:

                        error = '课程已存在'

                        return render(request,'lesson/addlesson.html',{'form':form,'error':error})

                else:

                    items = models.LessonType.objects.values_list('id','typeName')

                    form.fields['typeName'].choices=(x for x in items)

                    return render(request,'lesson/addlesson.html',{'form':form})



        else:

            return HttpResponse('你没有操作的权限！')





# 修改课程所属分类

def editlessontype(request):

    #验证是否登录

    isLogin,next = checkLogin(request.session)

    if not isLogin:

        #转到登录页面

        return next

    else:

        if next == 1:

            if request.method == 'GET':

                id = request.GET['id']

                obj = models.LessonType.objects.get(id=id)

                form = lessonform.TypeForm(initial={

                    'type': obj.lessiontype

                })

                return render(request, 'eeditTyp.html', {'form': form, 'id': id})

            elif request.method == 'POST':

                form = lessonform.TypeForm(request.POST)

                if form.is_valid():

                    data = form.cleaned_data

                    id = request.GET['id']

                    type = models.LessonType.objects.get(id=id)

                    type.lessiontype = data['type']

                    if not models.LessonType.objects.filter(lessiontype=type.lessiontype):

                        type.save()

                        return redirect(reverse('addType'))

                    else:

                        error = '课程类型已存在'

                        return render(request, 'edittype.html', {'form': form, 'error': error})



                else:

                    return render(request, 'edittype.html', {'form': form})

        else:

            return HttpResponse('你没有此权限')







#显示课程列表

def listlesson(request):

    typeId=request.GET.get('lessontypeid',0)

    #lessons = models.LessonType.objects.get(id=typeId).lesson_set.all().values_list('lessonName',flat=True)

    lessons = models.LessonType.objects.get(id=typeId).lesson_set.all()

    return render(request,'lesson/show_lesson.html',{'list':lessons,})





#显示课程分类

def showLessonType(request):

    items = models.LessonType.objects.values_list('id','typeName')

    print items[0][0]

    return render(request,'lesson/showlessontype.html',{'items':items})





#选课

def selectLesson(request):

    lessonid = request.GET.get('lessonid',0)

    lesson = models.Lesson.objects.get(id=lessonid)



    user = models.User.objects.get(id=request.session['userid'])

    lesson.selectedUser.add(user)

    return HttpResponse('恭喜你选课成功')



#显示用户所选课程

def showSelectedLessons(request):

    user = models.User.objects.get(id=request.session['userid'])

    list = user.lesson_set.all()

    return render(request,'lesson/mylessons.html',{'list':list})





#取消所选课程

def cancelSelectedLessons(request):

    lessonid = request.GET.get('lessonid',0)

    lesson = models.Lesson.objects.get(id=lessonid)



    user = models.User.objects.get(id=request.session['userid'])

    lesson.selectedUser.remove(user)

    return HttpResponse('取消成功')



#显示一门课程的学生

def showStudents(request):

    lessonid = request.GET.get('lessonid',0)

    lesson = models.Lesson.objects.get(id=lessonid)

    list = lesson.selectedUser.all()

    return render(request,'lesson/showstudents.html',{'list':list})



# 首页

def index(request):

    return render(request,'lesson/index.html')

2 个评论

刘超

请问这个有全部代码的文件吗？做这个的时候总是莫名其妙的出错，想跟原代码文件比较一下。谢谢了。

一只写程序的猿回复刘超

我回头找找吧因为这个写的比较早了出现的问题在哪里呢

要回复文章请先登录或注册

Django实战（二）- 创建一个课程选择系统

目录：

1.需求

2.代码操作

2 个评论