在为企业实施商业智能时，大部分都是使用内部数据建模和可视化；以前极少企业有爬虫工程师来为企业准备外部数据，最近一年来Python爬虫异常火爆，企业也开始招爬虫工程师为企业丰富数据来源。
我使用Python 抓取过一些网站数据，如：美团、点评、一亩田、租房等；这些数据并没有用作商业用途而是个人兴趣爬取下来做练习使用；这里我已 一亩田为例使用 scrapy框架去抓取它的数据。
一亩田
它是一个农产品网站，汇集了中国大部分农产品产地和市场行情，发展初期由百度系的人员创建，最初是招了大量的业务员去农村收集和教育农民把产品信息发布到一亩田网上..。
一亩田一开始是网页版，由于爬虫太多和农户在外劳作使用不方便而改成APP版废弃网页版，一亩田App反爬能力非常强悍；另外一亩田有一亩田产地行情和市场行情网页版，它的信息量也非常多，所以我选择爬取一亩田产地行情数据。
爬取一亩田使用的是Scrapy框架，这个框架的原理及dome我在这里不讲，直接给爬取一亩田的分析思路及源码；
一亩田爬虫分析思路
首先登陆一亩田产地行情：http://hangqing.ymt.com/chandi，看到农产品分类
单击水果分类就能看到它下面有很多小分类，单击梨进入水果梨的行情页，能看到它下面有全部品种和指定地区选择一个省就能看到当天的行情和一个月的走势；
看到这一连串的网页我就根据这个思路去抓取数据。
一亩田爬虫源码
1.首先创建一个Spider
2.行情数据
抓取大类、中类、小类、品种 hangqing.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from mySpider.items import MyspiderItem
from copy import deepcopy
import time
class HangqingSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "hangqing"
allowed_domains = ["hangqing.ymt.com"]
start_urls = (
'http://hangqing.ymt.com/',
)
# 大分类数据
def parse(self, response):
a_list = response.xpath("//div[@id='purchase_wrapper']/div//a[@class='hide']")
for a in a_list:
items = MyspiderItem()
items["ymt_bigsort_href"] = a.xpath("./@href").extract_first()
items["ymt_bigsort_id"] = items["ymt_bigsort_href"].replace("http://hangqing.ymt.com/common/nav_chandi_", "")
items["ymt_bigsort_name"] = a.xpath("./text()").extract_first()
# 发送详情页的请求
yield scrapy.Request(
items["ymt_bigsort_href"],
callback=self.parse_medium_detail,
meta={"item": deepcopy(items)}
)
# 发送下一页的请求(使用xpath 获取下一页地址)
# next_url = response.xpath("下一页xpatn")
# if next_url is not None:
# yield scrapy.Request(
# next_url,
# callback=self.parse
# )
# 中分类数据 其中小类也包含在其中
def parse_medium_detail(self, response):
items = response.meta["item"]
li_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='cate_nav_wrap']//a")
for li in li_list:
items["ymt_mediumsort_id"] = li.xpath("./@data-id").extract_first()
items["ymt_mediumsort_name"] = li.xpath("./text()").extract_first()
yield scrapy.Request(
items["ymt_bigsort_href"],
callback=self.parse_small_detail,
meta={"item": deepcopy(items)},
dont_filter=True
)
# 小分类数据
def parse_small_detail(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
mediumsort_id = item["ymt_mediumsort_id"]
if int(mediumsort_id) > 0:
nav_product_id = "nav-" + mediumsort_id
a_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='cate_content_1']//div[contains(@class,'{}')]//ul//a".format(nav_product_id))
for a in a_list:
item["ymt_smallsort_id"] = a.xpath("./@data-id").extract_first()
item["ymt_smallsort_href"] = a.xpath("./@href").extract_first()
item["ymt_smallsort_name"] = a.xpath("./text()").extract_first()
yield scrapy.Request(
item["ymt_smallsort_href"],
callback=self.parse_variety_detail,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
# 品种数据
def parse_variety_detail(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
li_list = response.xpath("//ul[@class='all_cate clearfix']//li")
if len(li_list) > 0:
for li in li_list:
item["ymt_breed_href"] = li.xpath("./a/@href").extract_first()
item["ymt_breed_name"] = li.xpath("./a/text()").extract_first()
item["ymt_breed_id"] = item["ymt_breed_href"].split("_")[2]
# time.sleep(1)
yield item
# print(item)
else:
item["ymt_breed_href"] = ""
item["ymt_breed_name"] = ""
item["ymt_breed_id"] = -1
# time.sleep(1)
yield item
# print(item)
3.产地数据
抓取省份、城市、县市 chandi.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from mySpider.items import MyspiderChanDi
from copy import deepcopy
class ChandiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'chandi'
allowed_domains = ['hangqing.ymt.com']
start_urls = ['http://hangqing.ymt.com/chandi_8031_0_0']
# 省份数据
def parse(self, response):
# 产地列表
li_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='fl sku_name']/ul//li")
for li in li_list:
items = MyspiderChanDi()
items["ymt_province_href"] = li.xpath("./a/@href").extract_first()
items["ymt_province_id"] = items["ymt_province_href"].split("_")[-1]
items["ymt_province_name"] = li.xpath("./a/text()").extract_first()
yield scrapy.Request(
items["ymt_province_href"],
callback=self.parse_city_detail,
meta={"item": deepcopy(items)}
)
# 城市数据
def parse_city_detail(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
option = response.xpath("//select[@class='location_select'][1]//option")
if len(option) > 0:
for op in option:
name = op.xpath("./text()").extract_first()
if name != "全部":
item["ymt_city_name"] = name
item["ymt_city_href"] = op.xpath("./@data-url").extract_first()
item["ymt_city_id"] = item["ymt_city_href"].split("_")[-1]
yield scrapy.Request(
item["ymt_city_href"],
callback=self.parse_area_detail,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
else:
item["ymt_city_name"] = ""
item["ymt_city_href"] = ""
item["ymt_city_id"] = 0
yield scrapy.Request(
item["ymt_city_href"],
callback=self.parse_area_detail,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
# 县市数据
def parse_area_detail(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
area_list = response.xpath("//select[@class='location_select'][2]//option")
if len(area_list) > 0:
for area in area_list:
name = area.xpath("./text()").extract_first()
if name != "全部":
item["ymt_area_name"] = name
item["ymt_area_href"] = area.xpath("./@data-url").extract_first()
item["ymt_area_id"] = item["ymt_area_href"].split("_")[-1]
yield item
else:
item["ymt_area_name"] = ""
item["ymt_area_href"] = ""
item["ymt_area_id"] = 0
yield item
4.行情分布
location_char.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import pymysql
import json
from copy import deepcopy
from mySpider.items import MySpiderSmallProvincePrice
import datetime
class LocationCharSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'location_char'
allowed_domains = ['hangqing.ymt.com']
start_urls = ['http://hangqing.ymt.com/']
i = datetime.datetime.now()
dateKey = str(i.year) + str(i.month) + str(i.day)
db = pymysql.connect(
host="127.0.0.1", port=3306,
user='root', password='mysql',
db='ymt_db', charset='utf8'
)
def parse(self, response):
cur = self.db.cursor()
location_char_sql = "select small_id from ymt_price_small where dateKey = {} and day_avg_price > 0".format(self.dateKey)
cur.execute(location_char_sql)
location_chars = cur.fetchall()
for ch in location_chars:
item = MySpiderSmallProvincePrice()
item["small_id"] = ch[0]
location_char_url = "http://hangqing.ymt.com/chandi/location_charts"
small_id = str(item["small_id"])
form_data = {
"locationId": "0",
"productId": small_id,
"breedId": "0"
}
yield scrapy.FormRequest(
location_char_url,
formdata=form_data,
callback=self.location_char,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
def location_char(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
html_str = json.loads(response.text)
status = html_str["status"]
if status == 0:
item["unit"] = html_str["data"]["unit"]
item["dateKey"] = self.dateKey
dataList = html_str["data"]["dataList"]
for data in dataList:
if type(data) == type([]):
item["province_name"] = data[0]
item["province_price"] = data[1]
elif type(data) == type({}):
item["province_name"] = data["name"]
item["province_price"] = data["y"]
location_char_url = "http://hangqing.ymt.com/chandi/location_charts"
small_id = str(item["small_id"])
province_name = str(item["province_name"])
province_id_sql = "select province_id from ymt_1_dim_cdProvince where province_name = \"{}\" ".format(province_name)
cur = self.db.cursor()
cur.execute(province_id_sql)
province_id = cur.fetchone()
item["province_id"] = province_id[0]
province_id = str(province_id[0])
form_data = {
"locationId": province_id,
"productId": small_id,
"breedId": "0"
}
yield scrapy.FormRequest(
location_char_url,
formdata=form_data,
callback=self.location_char_province,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
def location_char_province(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
html_str = json.loads(response.text)
status = html_str["status"]
if status == 0:
dataList = html_str["data"]["dataList"]
for data in dataList:
if type(data) == type([]):
item["city_name"] = data[0]
item["city_price"] = data[1]
elif type(data) == type({}):
item["city_name"] = data["name"]
item["city_price"] = data["y"]
location_char_url = "http://hangqing.ymt.com/chandi/location_charts"
small_id = str(item["small_id"])
city_name = str(item["city_name"])
city_id_sql = "select city_id from ymt_1_dim_cdCity where city_name = \"{}\" ".format(city_name)
cur = self.db.cursor()
cur.execute(city_id_sql)
city_id = cur.fetchone()
item["city_id"] = city_id[0]
city_id = str(city_id[0])
form_data = {
"locationId": city_id,
"productId": small_id,
"breedId": "0"
}
yield scrapy.FormRequest(
location_char_url,
formdata=form_data,
callback=self.location_char_province_city,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
def location_char_province_city(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
html_str = json.loads(response.text)
status = html_str["status"]
if status == 0:
dataList = html_str["data"]["dataList"]
for data in dataList:
if type(data) == type([]):
item["area_name"] = data[0]
item["area_price"] = data[1]
elif type(data) == type({}):
item["area_name"] = data["name"]
item["area_price"] = data["y"]
area_name = item["area_name"]
area_id_sql = "select area_id from ymt_1_dim_cdArea where area_name = \"{}\" ".format(area_name)
cur1 = self.db.cursor()
cur1.execute(area_id_sql)
area_id = cur1.fetchone()
item["area_id"] = area_id[0]
breed_id_sql = "select breed_id from ymt_all_info_sort where small_id = {} and breed_id > 0".format(item["small_id"])
cur1.execute(breed_id_sql)
breed_ids = cur1.fetchall()
# print(len(breed_ids))
location_char_url = "http://hangqing.ymt.com/chandi/location_charts"
for breed_id in breed_ids:
item["breed_id"] = breed_id[0]
form_data = {
"locationId": str(item["city_id"]),
"productId": str(item["small_id"]),
"breedId": str(breed_id[0])
}
# print(form_data, breed_id)
yield scrapy.FormRequest(
location_char_url,
formdata=form_data,
callback=self.location_char_province_city_breed,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
def location_char_province_city_breed(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
html_str = json.loads(response.text)
status = html_str["status"]
if status == 0:
dataList = html_str["data"]["dataList"]
for data in dataList:
if type(data) == type([]):
item["breed_city_name"] = data[0]
item["breed_city_price"] = data[1]
elif type(data) == type({}):
item["breed_city_name"] = data["name"]
item["breed_city_price"] = data["y"]
# print(item)
yield item
5.价格走势
pricedata.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import pymysql.cursors
from copy import deepcopy
from mySpider.items import MySpiderSmallprice
import datetime
import json
class PricedataSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'pricedata'
allowed_domains = ['hangqing.ymt.com']
start_urls = ['http://hangqing.ymt.com/chandi_8031_0_0']
i = datetime.datetime.now()
def parse(self, response):
db = pymysql.connect(
host="127.0.0.1", port=3306,
user='root', password='mysql',
db='ymt_db', charset='utf8'
)
cur = db.cursor()
all_small_sql = "select distinct small_id,small_name,small_href from ymt_all_info_sort"
cur.execute(all_small_sql)
small_all = cur.fetchall()
for small in small_all:
item = MySpiderSmallprice()
item["small_href"] = small[2]
# item["small_name"] = small[1]
item["small_id"] = small[0]
yield scrapy.Request(
item["small_href"],
callback=self.small_breed_info,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
def small_breed_info(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
item["day_avg_price"] = response.xpath("//dd[@class='c_origin_price']/p[2]//span[1]/text()").extract_first()
item["unit"] = response.xpath("//dd[@class='c_origin_price']/p[2]//span[2]/text()").extract_first()
item["dateKey"] = str(self.i.year)+str(self.i.month)+str(self.i.day)
if item["day_avg_price"] is None:
item["day_avg_price"] = 0
item["unit"] = ""
yield item
6.设计字典
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
# 行情爬虫字段
class MyspiderItem(scrapy.Item):
ymt_bigsort_href = scrapy.Field()
ymt_bigsort_id = scrapy.Field()
ymt_bigsort_name = scrapy.Field()
ymt_mediumsort_id = scrapy.Field()
ymt_mediumsort_name = scrapy.Field()
ymt_smallsort_id = scrapy.Field()
ymt_smallsort_href = scrapy.Field()
ymt_smallsort_name = scrapy.Field()
ymt_breed_id = scrapy.Field()
ymt_breed_name = scrapy.Field()
ymt_breed_href = scrapy.Field()
# 产地爬虫字段
class MyspiderChanDi(scrapy.Item):
ymt_province_id = scrapy.Field()
ymt_province_name = scrapy.Field()
ymt_province_href = scrapy.Field()
ymt_city_id = scrapy.Field()
ymt_city_name = scrapy.Field()
ymt_city_href = scrapy.Field()
ymt_area_id = scrapy.Field()
ymt_area_name = scrapy.Field()
ymt_area_href = scrapy.Field()
# 小类产地价格
class MySpiderSmallprice(scrapy.Item):
small_href = scrapy.Field()
small_id = scrapy.Field()
day_avg_price = scrapy.Field()
unit = scrapy.Field()
dateKey = scrapy.Field()
# 小分类 省份/城市/县市 价格
class MySpiderSmallProvincePrice(scrapy.Item):
small_id = scrapy.Field()
unit = scrapy.Field()
province_name = scrapy.Field()
province_price = scrapy.Field() # 小类 省份 均价
province_id = scrapy.Field()
city_name = scrapy.Field()
city_price = scrapy.Field() # 小类 城市 均价
city_id = scrapy.Field()
area_name = scrapy.Field()
area_price = scrapy.Field() # 小类 县市均价
area_id = scrapy.Field()
breed_city_name = scrapy.Field()
breed_city_price = scrapy.Field()
breed_id = scrapy.Field()
dateKey = scrapy.Field()
7.数据入库
pipelines.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from pymongo import MongoClient
import pymysql.cursors
class MyspiderPipeline(object):
def open_spider(self, spider):
# client = MongoClient(host=spider.settings["MONGO_HOST"], port=spider.settings["MONGO_PORT"])
# self.collection = client["ymt"]["hangqing"]
pass
def process_item(self, item, spider):
db = pymysql.connect(
host="127.0.0.1", port=3306,
user='root', password='mysql',
db='ymt_db', charset='utf8'
)
cur = db.cursor()
if spider.name == "hangqing":
# 所有 分类数据
all_sort_sql = "insert into ymt_all_info_sort(big_id, big_name, big_href, " \
"medium_id, medium_name, " \
"small_id, small_name, small_href, " \
"breed_id, breed_name, breed_href) " \
"VALUES({},\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\",\"{}\")".format(
item["ymt_bigsort_id"], item["ymt_bigsort_name"], item["ymt_bigsort_href"],
item["ymt_mediumsort_id"], item["ymt_mediumsort_name"],
item["ymt_smallsort_id"], item["ymt_smallsort_name"], item["ymt_smallsort_href"],
item["ymt_breed_id"], item["ymt_breed_name"], item["ymt_breed_href"])
try:
cur.execute(all_sort_sql)
db.commit()
except Exception as e:
db.rollback()
finally:
cur.close()
db.close()
return item
elif spider.name == "chandi":
# 所有的产地数据
all_cd_sql = "insert into ymt_all_info_cd(" \
"province_id, province_name, province_href, " \
"city_id, city_name, city_href," \
"area_id, area_name, area_href) " \
"VALUES({},\"{}\",\"{}\",{},\"{}\",\"{}\",{},\"{}\",\"{}\")".format(
item["ymt_province_id"], item["ymt_province_name"], item["ymt_province_href"],
item["ymt_city_id"], item["ymt_city_name"], item["ymt_city_href"],
item["ymt_area_id"], item["ymt_area_name"], item["ymt_area_href"])
try:
# 产地数据
cur.execute(all_cd_sql)
db.commit()
except Exception as e:
db.rollback()
finally:
cur.close()
db.close()
return item
elif spider.name == "pricedata":
avg_day_price_sql = "insert into ymt_price_small(small_href, small_id, day_avg_price, unit, dateKey) " \
"VALUES(\"{}\",{},{},\"{}\",\"{}\")".format(item["small_href"], item["small_id"], item["day_avg_price"], item["unit"], item["dateKey"])
try:
cur.execute(avg_day_price_sql)
db.commit()
except Exception as e:
db.rollback()
finally:
cur.close()
db.close()
elif spider.name == "location_char":
location_char_sql = "insert into ymt_price_provice(small_id, province_name, provice_price, city_name, city_price, area_name, area_price,unit, dateKey, area_id, city_id, provice_id, breed_city_name, breed_city_price, breed_id) " \
"VALUES({},\"{}\",{},\"{}\",{},\"{}\",{},\"{}\",{},{},{},{},\"{}\",{},{})".format(item["small_id"], item["province_name"], item["province_price"], item["city_name"], item["city_price"],
item["area_name"], item["area_price"], item["unit"], item["dateKey"],
item["area_id"], item["city_id"], item["province_id"],
item["breed_city_name"], item["breed_city_price"], item["breed_id"])
try:
cur.execute(location_char_sql)
db.commit()
except Exception as e:
db.rollback()
finally:
cur.close()
db.close()
else:
cur.close()
db.close()
最后结果
处于个人兴趣，最后把爬取下来的农产品信息变成了一个WEB系统。
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