构造方块条形图

今天给大家分享一种特殊条形图的画法，它把条形图的每个条分成若干个小矩形.基本思路是把每个条形图的y值按比例分成若干分，每一份代表该条所对应条形图中两个小矩形的面积和，其他的主要是配色问题.我用一个实例教大家如何绘制这样的条形图，然后我会给出一个封装函数，大家只要输入配色就能绘制各种不同的条形图

数据准备

大家需要注意的是df3和dfps的构造方法，df2是把条形图的y值分组进行均分, 每份用1表示.dfps是统计每组分割的个数.

library(tidyverse)library(cowplot)

df=data.frame(score=c(11,32,46,12,19,42,31,7,34,29,27,10,                      23,41,29,7),

              sex=rep(c('M','F'),rep(8,2)),

              grade=rep(paste0('grade_',LETTERS[1:4]),rep(4,4)),

              class=rep(paste0('class_',LETTERS[1:4]),4),

              case=rep(paste0('case_',LETTERS[1:8]),2))
#数据处理

df=df%>%group_by(class)%>%mutate(scores=round(score/sum(score)*100,2))
#df$scores= round(df$score/sum(df$score)*100)
df2=df[df$sex=='M',]library(plyr)

df3=ddply(df2, .(case), transform, scores1 = rep(1, score/3))

dfps <- data.frame(x1 = 1:8, x2 = 1:8, y1 = rep(0,8), y2 = count(df3,vars ='case')$freq)

一个实例

psx <- ggplot(df3, aes(x=case, y = scores1, colour=case)) +

  geom_bar(width = 0.5, stat = "identity",fill='white')+

  geom_bar(position = "stack",width = 1,

           stat = "identity", fill = NA, colour = "black")+ 

  geom_segment(aes(x = x1, y = y1, xend = x2, yend = y2, colour = "segment"), data = dfps)+

  scale_color_manual(values = rep('black',9))+

  theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle = 45,vjust = 0.5,

                                 colour = 'white',face='bold'),

        axis.text.y = element_text(colour = 'white',face='bold'),

        axis.title.x = element_blank(),

        axis.title.y = element_blank(),

        axis.line = element_line(size = 1,colour = 'white'),

        axis.ticks = element_line(size = 1,colour = 'white'),

        legend.position = 'none',

        panel.background = element_rect(fill = 'black'),

        panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = 'black'),

        panel.grid.minor = element_line(colour = 'black'),

        plot.background = element_rect(fill = 'black')

        )

psx

构造分装函数

br_fun=function(x,w){

  cols1=x[1]; cols2=x[2];cols3=x[3];cols4=x[4];cols5=x[5];cols6=x[6]

  psx2 <- ggplot(df3, aes(x=case, y = scores1, colour=case)) +

    geom_bar(width = w, stat = "identity",fill=cols1)+

    geom_bar(position = "stack",width = w,

             stat = "identity", fill = NA, colour = cols2)+ 

    geom_segment(aes(x = x1, y = y1, xend = x2, yend = y2, colour = "segment"), data = dfps)+

    scale_color_manual(values = rep(cols2,9))+

    theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle = 45,vjust = 0.5,

                                   colour = cols3,face='bold'),

          axis.text.y = element_text(colour = cols3,face='bold'),

          axis.title.x = element_blank(),

          axis.title.y = element_blank(),

          axis.line = element_line(size = 1,colour = cols5),

          axis.ticks = element_line(size = 1,colour = cols6),

          legend.position = 'none',

          panel.background = element_rect(fill = cols4),

          panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = cols4),

          panel.grid.minor = element_line(colour = cols4),

          plot.background = element_rect(fill = cols4)

    )  return( psx2)

}

绘制图形

#黑白(1)

p1=br_fun(c('white','black','white','black','black','black'),0.5)
#黑白(2)p2=br_fun(c('black','white','white','black','black','black'),1)
#黑白(3)p3=br_fun(c('black','white','black','white','white','white'),1)
#黑白(4)p4=br_fun(c('white','black','black','white','white','white'),0.5)

grid.newpage()  
#新建页面
pushViewport(viewport(layout = grid.layout(2,2))) 
#将页面分成2*2矩阵
vplayout <- function(x,y){

  viewport(layout.pos.row = x, layout.pos.col = y)

}

print(p1, vp = vplayout(1,1))   
#在(1,1)的位置画图p1
print(p4, vp = vplayout(1,2))   
#将(1,2)的位置画图p4
print(p3, vp = vplayout(2,1)) 
#在(2,1)的位置画图p3
print(p2, vp = vplayout(2,2))   
#在(2,2)的位置画图p2

饼图

# 对应饼图
p11 = p1+theme(axis.text.x =element_text(colour = 'black'),

               axis.text.y =element_text(colour = 'black'))+

  coord_polar()



p21 = p2+theme(axis.text.x =element_text(colour = 'black'),

               axis.text.y =element_text(colour = 'black'))+

  coord_polar()



p31 = p3+theme(axis.text.x =element_text(colour = 'white'),

               axis.text.y =element_text(colour = 'white'))+

  coord_polar()



p41 = p4+theme(axis.text.x =element_text(colour = 'white'),

               axis.text.y =element_text(colour = 'white'))+

  coord_polar()



grid.newpage()  
#新建页面
pushViewport(viewport(layout = grid.layout(2,2))) 
#将页面分成2*2矩阵vplayout <- function(x,y){

  viewport(layout.pos.row = x, layout.pos.col = y)

}

print(p11, vp = vplayout(1,1))   
#在(1,1)的位置画图p11
print(p41, vp = vplayout(1,2))   
#将(1,2)的位置画图p41
print(p31, vp = vplayout(2,1))  
#在(2,1)的位置画图p31
print(p21, vp = vplayout(2,2))   
#在(2,2)的位置画图p21