R爬虫之京东商城手机信息批量获取

浏览: 2024

在人手一部智能手机的移动互联网时代,智能手机对很多人来说,它就像我们身上生长出来的一个器官那样重要。如果你不能对各大品牌的『卖点』和『受众』侃上一阵,很可能会被怀疑不是地球人。

今天我们来探索一下,如何从『京东商城』爬取各大品牌的手机信息。

1.预备知识

R爬虫需要掌握的技能包括:

  • 基本的网页知识,如html,XML文件的解析

  • 分析XPath

  • 使用网页开发工具

  • 异常捕捉的处理

  • 字符串的处理

  • 正则表达式的使用

  • 数据库的基本操作

不过不要担心,目前只需要掌握前三项技能,即可开始练习。

前三项技能的掌握可以参考 Automated Data Collection with R 一书。正常情况下,一天之内大致即可掌握。

2.页面分析

(待完善)

3.提取各大品牌的链接

#### packages we need ####
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ##
require(stringr)
require(XML)
require(RCurl)
library(Rwebdriver)

setwd("JDDownload")

BaseUrl<-"http://search.jd.com"

quit_session()
start_session(root = "http://localhost:4444/wd/hub/",browser = "firefox")

# post Base Url
post.url(url = BaseUrl)

SearchField<-element_xpath_find(value = '//*[@id="keyword"]')
SearchButton<-element_xpath_find(value = '//*[@id="gwd_360buy"]/body/div[2]/form/input[3]')
#keyword for search
keywords<-'手机'

element_click(SearchField)
keys(keywords)
element_click(SearchButton)
Sys.sleep(1)
#test
get.url()

pageSource<-page_source()
parsedSourcePage<-htmlParse(pageSource, encoding = 'UTF-8')
## Download Search Results
fname <- paste0(keywords, " SearchPage 1.html")
writeLines(pageSource, fname)

#get all the brand url
Brand<-'//*[@id="J_selector"]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/ul/li/a/@href'
BrandLinks<-xpathSApply(doc = parsedSourcePage, path = Brand)

View(data.frame(BrandLinks))

BrandLinks<-sapply(BrandLinks,function(x){
paste0(BaseUrl,"/",x)
})

save(BrandLinks,file = 'BrandLinks.rda')

4.访问每个品牌的页面,抓取每个品牌下的商品链接

##############Function 1 #################################3##

### 对各品牌的手机页面进行抓取 ########3#


getBrandPage<-function(BrandUrl,foreDownload = T){
#获取某品牌搜索页面
post.url(BrandUrl)
Brand_pageSource<-page_source()
#parse
parsedSourcePage<-htmlParse(Brand_pageSource, encoding = 'UTF-8')

#get brand name
BrandNamePath<-'//*[@id="J_crumbsBar"]/div[2]/div/a/em'
BrandName<-xpathSApply(doc = parsedSourcePage, path = BrandNamePath, fun = xmlValue)

#Save the page
BrandPageName<-paste0(BrandName,'_PageSource.html')
#Create a file
if(!file.exists(BrandName)) dir.create(BrandName)
# save
writeLines(text = Brand_pageSource, con = paste0(BrandName,'/',BrandPageName))

# get the product page url
#path
Brand_AllProductPath<-'//*[@id="J_goodsList"]/ul/li/div/div[4]/a/@href'
#url
Brand_AllProductLinks<-xpathSApply(doc = parsedSourcePage, path = Brand_AllProductPath)

# #remove some false url
# FalseLink<-grep(x = Brand_AllProductLinks,pattern = 'https',fixed = TRUE)
# Brand_AllProductLinks<-Brand_AllProductLinks[-FalseLink]

# add a head
Brand_AllProductLinks<-str_c('http:',Brand_AllProductLinks)
#save and return the url
save(Brand_AllProductLinks,file = paste0(BrandName,'_AllProductLinks.rda'))
return(Brand_AllProductLinks)
}

# test
BrandUrl<-BrandLinks[1]

getBrandPage(BrandUrl)

#get all the links
Brand_ProductLink<-list()
for(i in 1:length(BrandLinks)){
Sys.sleep(10)
Brand_ProductLink[[i]]<-getBrandPage(BrandUrl = BrandLinks[i])
}

#clean the links
All_ProductLink<-lapply(Brand_ProductLink,function(x){
TrueLink<-grep(x = x,pattern = 'http://item.jd.com/',fixed = TRUE,value = FALSE)
return(x[TrueLink])
})
# save the links
save(All_ProductLink,file = 'All_ProductLink.rda')

5.访问每个商品页面,提取有用信息

我们初步提取如下指标:标题(Title),卖点(KeyCount),价格(Price),评论数(commentCount),尺寸(Size),后置摄像头像素(BackBit),后置摄像头像素(ForwardBit),核数(Core),分辨率(Resolution),品牌(Brand),上架时间(onSaleTime).

#################################################
######## Function2 :访问每个商品页面,提取有用信息 ########

Product<-function(ProductLink){
post.url(ProductLink)
Sys.sleep(4)

# get the page
Product_pageSource<-page_source()

#parse
Parsed_product_Page<-htmlParse(Product_pageSource, encoding = 'UTF-8')

# get title,,key count,price,CommentCount and so on

#PATH
TitlePath<-'//*[@id="name"]/h1'
KeyCountPath<-'//*[@id="p-ad"]'
PricePath<-'//*[@id="jd-price"]'
commentCountPath<-'//*[@id="comment-count"]/a'
SizePath<-'//*[@id="parameter1"]/li[1]/div/p[1]'
BackBitPath<-'//*[@id="parameter1"]/li[2]/div/p[1]'
ForwardBitPath<-'//*[@id="parameter1"]/li[2]/div/p[2]'
CorePath<-'//*[@id="parameter1"]/li[3]/div/p[1]'
NamePath<-'//*[@id="parameter2"]/li[1]'
CodePath<-'//*[@id="parameter2"]/li[2]'
BrandPath<-'//*[@id="parameter2"]/li[3]'
onSaleTimePath<-'//*[@id="parameter2"]/li[4]'
ResolutionPath<-'//*[@id="parameter1"]/li[1]/div/p[2]'

Title<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = TitlePath,xmlValue)
KeyCount<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = KeyCountPath,xmlValue)
Price<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = PricePath,xmlValue)
commentCount<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = commentCountPath,xmlValue)
Size<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = SizePath,xmlValue)
BackBit<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = BackBitPath,xmlValue)
ForwardBit<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = ForwardBitPath,xmlValue)
Core<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = CorePath,xmlValue)
Name<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = NamePath,xmlValue)
Code<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = CodePath,xmlValue)
Resolution<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = ResolutionPath,xmlValue)
Brand<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = BrandPath,xmlValue)
onSaleTime<-xpathSApply(doc = Parsed_product_Page,path = onSaleTimePath,xmlValue)

# 整理成data frame
mydata<-data.frame(Title = Title,KeyCount = KeyCount, Price = Price,
commentCount = commentCount, Size = Size, BackBit = BackBit,
ForwardBit = ForwardBit, Core = Core, Name = Name,Code = Code,
Resolution = Resolution,
Brand = Brand, onSaleTime = onSaleTime)


#save the page
FileName<-paste0('Product/',Brand,Code,'_pageSource.html')
writeLines(text = Product_pageSource,con = FileName)
#return the data
return(mydata)

}





# test
quit_session()
start_session(root = "http://localhost:4444/wd/hub/",browser = "firefox")

load(file = 'All_ProductLink.rda')

ProductLink1<-All_ProductLink[[40]][1]

testData<-Product(ProductLink = ProductLink1)



#定义tryCatch

mySpider<-function(ProductLink){
out<-tryCatch(
{
message('This is the try part:')
Product(ProductLink = ProductLink)
},
error=function(e){
message(e)
return(NA)
},
finally = {
message("The end!")
}
)
return(out)
}

## loop

# get all data
ProductInformation<-list()
k <-0

for(i in 1:length(All_ProductLink)){
for(j in 1:length(All_ProductLink[[i]])){
k<-k+1
ProductInformation[[k]]<-mySpider(ProductLink = All_ProductLink[[i]][j])
}
}

# save my data
MobilePhoneInformation<-do.call(rbind,ProductInformation)
View(MobilePhoneInformation)
save(MobilePhoneInformation,file = 'MobilePhoneInformation.rda')

nrow(na.omit(MobilePhoneInformation))
View(MobilePhoneInformation)

最终,获得800多行的信息,除去缺失值,剩下600多行数据,还不赖。 最后的数据可以在这里获得。

不过,数据还需要进一步清洗方能进行分析。

6.参考文献

  • Automated Data Collection with R
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